{"id":10599,"date":"2019-05-21T15:13:02","date_gmt":"2019-05-21T13:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cidsr.md\/?post_type=news&#038;p=5807"},"modified":"2023-12-08T18:11:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T15:11:54","slug":"efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/","title":{"rendered":"The Effect Of Drug Abuse On Pregnancy[:]","raw":"The Effect Of Drug Abuse On Pregnancy[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5825\" src=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a>Source: <\/span><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugrehab.org\/substance-abuse-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">www.drugrehab.org<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Drug use and abuse can happen to anyone. According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/drug-use-illegal.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a><\/u> (CDC), 1 out of every 10 people in the United States over the age of 12 have used an illicit drug\u2014defined as a drug that is illegal to consume\u2014at least once within the last year. An additional 2.4 percent have taken a prescription psychotherapeutic drug for nonmedical purposes that either wasn\u2019t prescribed to them or was previously prescribed to them.<\/p>\n<p>12.9% of Women Say They&#8217;ve Used An Illicit Drug In Past Year<\/p>\n<p>These numbers are slightly higher for women. According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/substance-use-in-women\">National Institute on Drug Abuse<\/a><\/u> (NIDA), 12.9 percent (or 15.8 million) of women over the age of 18 have used some type of illicit drug within the last 12 months. Those misusing prescription drugs is higher as well at 3.8 percent, or 4.6 million women in total.<\/p>\n<p>While illegal or improper use of drugs can be damaging to any woman\u2019s mental and physical health, this behavior can have even more consequences if an unborn child is involved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pregnancy and Drug Use or Abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/substance-use-in-women\/substance-use-while-pregnant-breastfeeding\">NIDA<\/a><\/u> reveals that drugs taken during pregnancy affect the mother and the growing fetus because these substances \u201cpass easily through the placenta.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/newsroom\/digital-media\/infographics\/placenta\">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development<\/a><\/u> explains that the placenta is \u201ca temporary organ linking mother and fetus [which] brings nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and moves harmful waste and materials away.\u201d It performs the same duties as many internal organs not yet fully formed\u2014like the lungs, liver, and kidneys\u2014and, if problems develop, can create lifelong issues for the mother and child.<\/p>\n<p>What are some of those potential issues? The answer to that question depends largely on which drug or type of drug is consumed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Illegal Drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/~\/media\/For%20Patients\/faq170.pdf\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists<\/a><\/u> (ACOG), 1 out of every 20 pregnant women uses some type of illegal drug, also commonly referred to as a street drug. This can result in <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marchofdimes.org\/pregnancy\/street-drugs-and-pregnancy.aspx\">a number of issues<\/a><\/u> that sometimes include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Miscarriage<\/li>\n<li>Preterm labor, which is labor that occurs prior to the 37th week of pregnancy, or preterm birth<\/li>\n<li>Stillbirth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Additionally, if a child is born to a mother who has used illegal drugs during pregnancy, there is an increased risk of low birth weight, small head size, heart defects, and other birth defects. Then, as the child begins to grow, there is also increased risk of delayed growth, learning and behavior issues, and even sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Opioids<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The ACOG explains that use of street-level opioids, like heroin, put a pregnant woman at risk of developing several different complications, some of which include placental abruption (which is when the placenta separates from the uterus wall prematurely), preterm birth, and stillbirth. It can also disrupt the fetus\u2019s normal growth.<\/p>\n<p>While no opioid use is preferred for pregnant women, the ACOG stresses that if there is an addiction to this type of drug, they \u201cshould not suddenly stop using the drug without medical supervision.\u201d Their reasoning is that withdrawal symptoms often lead to relapse, which puts both the mother and the unborn baby at risk.<\/p>\n<p>The ACOG adds that there are also medications that can assist with stopping opiate use, such as methadone or buprenorphine, neither of which have been linked to birth defects. In some cases, the infant may go through withdrawal if the mother has taken either of these drugs, but there are also things that can be done to ease these effects, like swaddling the baby, offering skin-to-skin contact, and taking certain medications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stimulants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Drugs that fall into this category include cocaine and methamphetamine. The NIDA indicates that the effects of these types of drugs on a growing fetus are somewhat unclear, largely because pregnant women who take them often use other drugs as well.<\/p>\n<p>The NIDA goes on to explain that, in some cases, women who take stimulants don\u2019t necessarily take proper care of themselves in regard to nutrition and prenatal care. As a result, it\u2019s difficult to ascertain whether a child born with issues is struggling due to the mother\u2019s use of stimulants or if the problems are related to one of these other just-as-important factors.<\/p>\n<p>For the expecting mother specifically, potential consequences of using this category of drug include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Migraines<\/li>\n<li>Seizures<\/li>\n<li>High blood pressure or preeclampsia<\/li>\n<li>Premature membrane rupture<\/li>\n<li>Separation of the placenta from the uterus<\/li>\n<li>Spontaneous miscarriage<\/li>\n<li>Preterm labor<\/li>\n<li>Difficult delivery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Babies born to mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy can also be born with a lower birth weight or be shorter-than-normal in length. They can be irritable and hyperactive, and they may experience tremors, have a high-pitched cry, and engage in excessive sucking. These symptoms may be due to withdrawal or they may be because cocaine is still in the child\u2019s system, where it can remain for as many as seven days post-birth.<\/p>\n<p>Research has found that children born to pregnant women who use the stimulant methamphetamine\u2014roughly 6.7 percent of all people seeking treatment for this drug\u2014<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/19124-pregnancy-meth-child-development.html\">often act out or are hyperactive in nature<\/a><\/u>. They\u2019re also often more depressed, anxious, and struggle on a cognitive level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Marijuana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Marijuana is legal in some states medicinally and\/or recreationally, but it is included within the list of street drugs because it\u2019s illegal to consume in many areas.<\/p>\n<p>Some expecting mothers use marijuana or cannabis to help them get through the nausea they experience due to pregnancy-related morning sickness. However, marijuana usage during pregnancy can oftentimes have unintended effects, such as increasing the risk of stillbirth by 2.2 times, according to the NIDA.<\/p>\n<p>There are studies that have linked marijuana to a variety of health issues sustained by a child following birth. For instance, the Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse Institute (ADAI) at the University of Washington reveals that, while researchers aren\u2019t clear on all of the effects marijuana has on a fetus, some studies have found that children who are exposed to this drug in utero can <u><a href=\"http:\/\/adai.uw.edu\/marijuana\/factsheets\/reproduction.htm\">potentially be born with a hole in their heart<\/a><\/u>. Also, as they get older, they may develop cognitive difficulties related to memory and reasoning, attention span, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes these negative effects continue into the teen years, says the ADAI, where they can be compounded by depression, anxiety, and academic difficulties. Usage of marijuana during pregnancy also means that the adolescent may have a higher risk of marijuana usage as well.<\/p>\n<p>The ADAI adds that sometimes marijuana used during pregnancy can lead to physical issues for the baby, such as the development of childhood cancers. For reasons such as these, the ACOG recommends that marijuana not be consumed at all during pregnancy, even if it is prescribed for other purposes. Instead, alternate remedies should be explored to treat the originating condition without potentially causing harm to the fetus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Socially Acceptable, Prescription, and Other \u201cLegal\u201d Drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While taking illegal drugs can have a negative effect on both a pregnant woman and her unborn child, there are also \u201clegal\u201d drugs that can impact both. Many of these are socially acceptable or even prescribed, yet may not be the best for a mother and the growing fetus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caffeine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Approximately <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/coffee-drinking-statistics\/\">54 percent of Americans<\/a><\/u> drink coffee daily. Worldwide, around <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/tea-drinking-statistics\/\">2 billion people<\/a><\/u> consume at least one cup of tea every day. Therefore, it isn\u2019t unrealistic to think that women who become pregnant will want to continue this habit, though some health experts advise that the cons may outweigh the pros.<\/p>\n<p>The <u><a href=\"http:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/pregnancy-health\/caffeine-during-pregnancy\/\">American Pregnancy Association<\/a><\/u> (APA) is one such expert, and they point out that caffeine can raise blood pressure and heart rate, neither of which are good for a pregnant woman. It is also a diuretic, which can potentially lead to dehydration. According to the APA, caffeine can also harm the fetus by disrupting their normal movement patterns and keeping them awake, which can keep the mother awake as well.<\/p>\n<p>While there is conflicting and inconclusive research as to whether it causes birth defects or can lead to miscarriages, the APA suggests that consuming 150 to 300 mg of caffeine daily has been deemed relatively safe. There is roughly <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-much-caffeine-in-coffee#modal-close\">95 mg of caffeine in a cup of coffee<\/a><\/u>, but that amount can exceed 500 mg, such as with an extra large coffee from Dunkin Donuts (517 mg), so monitoring the exact amount is recommended.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also important to realize that there is caffeine in other products as well. This includes chocolate and many over-the-counter headache and migraine medications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alcohol<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to the unborn child developing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS, Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, or Alcohol-Related Birth Defects.<\/p>\n<p>The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.niaaa.nih.gov\/publications\/FASDFactsheet\/FASD.pdf\">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism<\/a><\/u> (NIAAA) says that the risk of these types of conditions increases if the expecting mother engages in binge drinking, which they define as consuming more than three drinks in one episode. This is especially critical during the first trimester. The NIAAA says that the frequency in which a pregnant woman drinks is a factor as well.<\/p>\n<p>Babies born with FAS often have trouble emotionally, as well as difficulties related to understanding, attention, memory, and communicating. These can affect them academically and, later, create problems associated with holding work. Thus, FAS has both short- and long-term effects.<\/p>\n<p>For these reasons, binge drinking is discouraged during pregnancy, but the NIAAA also emphasizes that \u201cthere is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.\u201d Therefore, they recommend that pregnant women abstain from alcohol completely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nicotine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The NIDA indicates that roughly 16 percent of all pregnant women have smoked during some portion of their pregnancy. Furthermore, nicotine \u201cin the blood of the fetus can be as much as 15 percent higher than in the mother.\u201d The ACOG adds that the nicotine, which is only one of thousands of harmful chemicals contained in cigarettes, narrows the blood vessels. This allows less oxygen and fewer nutrients to make it to the growing fetus, which can cause permanent damage to the brain and lungs.<\/p>\n<p>The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/tobaccousepregnancy\/index.htm\">CDC<\/a><\/u> adds that smoking also increases the risk of birth defects like cleft lip or cleft palate, premature birth, miscarriage, and low birth weight. It can even contribute to SIDS. Stillbirth risk is also increased by 1.8 to 2.8 times when a woman smokes while pregnant according to the NIDA, and is believed to be a contributing factor to more than 1,000 infant deaths annually.<\/p>\n<p>Even \u201cpassive exposure\u201d to nicotine can have negative consequences. Secondhand smoke can increase the expectant mother\u2019s risk of having a stillbirth by 2.1 times. It can also result in premature birth or low birth rate, as well as an increased risk of asthma, respiratory issues, ear infections, and cavities for the baby after he or she is born.<\/p>\n<p>Some expecting mothers move to e-cigarettes in an attempt to be \u201chealthier,\u201d but the NIDA warns that they also contain nicotine, so their effects may be similar. The ACOG agrees, stating that there may also be issues with the propellant and flavoring used in electronic cigarettes. With this in mind, they suggest that it\u2019s best to simply abstain from smoking altogether during pregnancy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prescription Painkillers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What happens if a woman becomes pregnant while taking prescription painkillers like codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine? According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/pdf\/pregnancy_opioid_pain_factsheet-a.pdf\">CDC<\/a><\/u>, these opioids increase the risk of the fetus having developmental issues related to the brain or spine. They can also lead to the baby being born with heart defects or their intestines protruding from their abdomen via a hole next to their belly button.<\/p>\n<p>In some cases, opiate use during pregnancy can lead to preterm delivery or stillbirth, with NIDA reporting that prescription painkillers can increase this risk by 2.2 times. However, as with street opiates, the CDC does not recommend stopping prescription painkillers suddenly as this may do more harm than good. Instead, it is suggested that you consult with your doctor to determine the best course of action for you and your unborn child.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Impact of Addiction on a Newborn Baby<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When a drug is taken regularly during pregnancy, the baby may become dependent on it, creating a withdrawal effect after birth. This is called neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and is most common if the baby is born addicted to opiates. If NAS exists, this typically requires that the baby be hospitalized in an effort to effectively treat the withdrawal symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>According to the NIDA, these withdrawal symptoms can appear up to 14 days post-birth and often include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Irritability<\/li>\n<li>Excessive crying<\/li>\n<li>High-pitched crying<\/li>\n<li>Trouble sleeping<\/li>\n<li>Increased heart rate<\/li>\n<li>Diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues<\/li>\n<li>Slow weight gain<\/li>\n<li>Vomiting<\/li>\n<li>Seizures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Long-term effects of drug use by the mother during pregnancy can also create lasting effects for the baby, such as those that occur as a result of birth defects, premature birth, or low birth weight. In severe cases, it can even lead to SIDS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>When the Father Uses or Abuses Drugs or Alcohol<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In some cases, use of drugs or alcohol by the father can potentially impact the fetus as well. The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/mothertobaby.org\/fact-sheets\/paternal-exposures-pregnancy\/pdf\/\">Organization of Teratology Information Specialists<\/a><\/u> (OTIS) says that is called \u201cpaternal exposure.\u201d Also, while OTIS says that use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by the father has no proven consequences for the child in relation to the development of possible birth defects, some health experts believe that it can cause some serious issues.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, the ADAI indicates that the use of marijuana by the father during the 12 months prior to the pregnancy can increase the risk of the child developing rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare cancer that develops in the muscle tissue. And if the father uses marijuana during the conception or the pregnancy, or even after the child is born, the ADAI says that the child\u2019s risk of SIDS is said to increase.[:]\n","protected":false,"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5825\" src=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a>Source: <\/span><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugrehab.org\/substance-abuse-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">www.drugrehab.org<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\nDrug use and abuse can happen to anyone. According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/drug-use-illegal.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a><\/u> (CDC), 1 out of every 10 people in the United States over the age of 12 have used an illicit drug\u2014defined as a drug that is illegal to consume\u2014at least once within the last year. An additional 2.4 percent have taken a prescription psychotherapeutic drug for nonmedical purposes that either wasn\u2019t prescribed to them or was previously prescribed to them.\r\n\r\n12.9% of Women Say They've Used An Illicit Drug In Past Year\r\n\r\nThese numbers are slightly higher for women. According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/substance-use-in-women\">National Institute on Drug Abuse<\/a><\/u> (NIDA), 12.9 percent (or 15.8 million) of women over the age of 18 have used some type of illicit drug within the last 12 months. Those misusing prescription drugs is higher as well at 3.8 percent, or 4.6 million women in total.\r\n\r\nWhile illegal or improper use of drugs can be damaging to any woman\u2019s mental and physical health, this behavior can have even more consequences if an unborn child is involved.\r\n\r\n<strong>Pregnancy and Drug Use or Abuse<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/substance-use-in-women\/substance-use-while-pregnant-breastfeeding\">NIDA<\/a><\/u> reveals that drugs taken during pregnancy affect the mother and the growing fetus because these substances \u201cpass easily through the placenta.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/newsroom\/digital-media\/infographics\/placenta\">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development<\/a><\/u> explains that the placenta is \u201ca temporary organ linking mother and fetus [which] brings nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and moves harmful waste and materials away.\u201d It performs the same duties as many internal organs not yet fully formed\u2014like the lungs, liver, and kidneys\u2014and, if problems develop, can create lifelong issues for the mother and child.\r\n\r\nWhat are some of those potential issues? The answer to that question depends largely on which drug or type of drug is consumed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Illegal Drugs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAccording to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/~\/media\/For%20Patients\/faq170.pdf\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists<\/a><\/u> (ACOG), 1 out of every 20 pregnant women uses some type of illegal drug, also commonly referred to as a street drug. This can result in <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marchofdimes.org\/pregnancy\/street-drugs-and-pregnancy.aspx\">a number of issues<\/a><\/u> that sometimes include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Miscarriage<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preterm labor, which is labor that occurs prior to the 37th week of pregnancy, or preterm birth<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stillbirth<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAdditionally, if a child is born to a mother who has used illegal drugs during pregnancy, there is an increased risk of low birth weight, small head size, heart defects, and other birth defects. Then, as the child begins to grow, there is also increased risk of delayed growth, learning and behavior issues, and even sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).\r\n\r\n<strong>Opioids<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe ACOG explains that use of street-level opioids, like heroin, put a pregnant woman at risk of developing several different complications, some of which include placental abruption (which is when the placenta separates from the uterus wall prematurely), preterm birth, and stillbirth. It can also disrupt the fetus\u2019s normal growth.\r\n\r\nWhile no opioid use is preferred for pregnant women, the ACOG stresses that if there is an addiction to this type of drug, they \u201cshould not suddenly stop using the drug without medical supervision.\u201d Their reasoning is that withdrawal symptoms often lead to relapse, which puts both the mother and the unborn baby at risk.\r\n\r\nThe ACOG adds that there are also medications that can assist with stopping opiate use, such as methadone or buprenorphine, neither of which have been linked to birth defects. In some cases, the infant may go through withdrawal if the mother has taken either of these drugs, but there are also things that can be done to ease these effects, like swaddling the baby, offering skin-to-skin contact, and taking certain medications.\r\n\r\n<strong>Stimulants<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDrugs that fall into this category include cocaine and methamphetamine. The NIDA indicates that the effects of these types of drugs on a growing fetus are somewhat unclear, largely because pregnant women who take them often use other drugs as well.\r\n\r\nThe NIDA goes on to explain that, in some cases, women who take stimulants don\u2019t necessarily take proper care of themselves in regard to nutrition and prenatal care. As a result, it\u2019s difficult to ascertain whether a child born with issues is struggling due to the mother\u2019s use of stimulants or if the problems are related to one of these other just-as-important factors.\r\n\r\nFor the expecting mother specifically, potential consequences of using this category of drug include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Migraines<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Seizures<\/li>\r\n \t<li>High blood pressure or preeclampsia<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Premature membrane rupture<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Separation of the placenta from the uterus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Spontaneous miscarriage<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preterm labor<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Difficult delivery<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nBabies born to mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy can also be born with a lower birth weight or be shorter-than-normal in length. They can be irritable and hyperactive, and they may experience tremors, have a high-pitched cry, and engage in excessive sucking. These symptoms may be due to withdrawal or they may be because cocaine is still in the child\u2019s system, where it can remain for as many as seven days post-birth.\r\n\r\nResearch has found that children born to pregnant women who use the stimulant methamphetamine\u2014roughly 6.7 percent of all people seeking treatment for this drug\u2014<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/19124-pregnancy-meth-child-development.html\">often act out or are hyperactive in nature<\/a><\/u>. They\u2019re also often more depressed, anxious, and struggle on a cognitive level.\r\n\r\n<strong>Marijuana<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMarijuana is legal in some states medicinally and\/or recreationally, but it is included within the list of street drugs because it\u2019s illegal to consume in many areas.\r\n\r\nSome expecting mothers use marijuana or cannabis to help them get through the nausea they experience due to pregnancy-related morning sickness. However, marijuana usage during pregnancy can oftentimes have unintended effects, such as increasing the risk of stillbirth by 2.2 times, according to the NIDA.\r\n\r\nThere are studies that have linked marijuana to a variety of health issues sustained by a child following birth. For instance, the Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse Institute (ADAI) at the University of Washington reveals that, while researchers aren\u2019t clear on all of the effects marijuana has on a fetus, some studies have found that children who are exposed to this drug in utero can <u><a href=\"http:\/\/adai.uw.edu\/marijuana\/factsheets\/reproduction.htm\">potentially be born with a hole in their heart<\/a><\/u>. Also, as they get older, they may develop cognitive difficulties related to memory and reasoning, attention span, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity.\r\n\r\nSometimes these negative effects continue into the teen years, says the ADAI, where they can be compounded by depression, anxiety, and academic difficulties. Usage of marijuana during pregnancy also means that the adolescent may have a higher risk of marijuana usage as well.\r\n\r\nThe ADAI adds that sometimes marijuana used during pregnancy can lead to physical issues for the baby, such as the development of childhood cancers. For reasons such as these, the ACOG recommends that marijuana not be consumed at all during pregnancy, even if it is prescribed for other purposes. Instead, alternate remedies should be explored to treat the originating condition without potentially causing harm to the fetus.\r\n\r\n<strong>Socially Acceptable, Prescription, and Other \u201cLegal\u201d Drugs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhile taking illegal drugs can have a negative effect on both a pregnant woman and her unborn child, there are also \u201clegal\u201d drugs that can impact both. Many of these are socially acceptable or even prescribed, yet may not be the best for a mother and the growing fetus.\r\n\r\n<strong>Caffeine<\/strong>\r\n\r\nApproximately <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/coffee-drinking-statistics\/\">54 percent of Americans<\/a><\/u> drink coffee daily. Worldwide, around <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/tea-drinking-statistics\/\">2 billion people<\/a><\/u> consume at least one cup of tea every day. Therefore, it isn\u2019t unrealistic to think that women who become pregnant will want to continue this habit, though some health experts advise that the cons may outweigh the pros.\r\n\r\nThe <u><a href=\"http:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/pregnancy-health\/caffeine-during-pregnancy\/\">American Pregnancy Association<\/a><\/u> (APA) is one such expert, and they point out that caffeine can raise blood pressure and heart rate, neither of which are good for a pregnant woman. It is also a diuretic, which can potentially lead to dehydration. According to the APA, caffeine can also harm the fetus by disrupting their normal movement patterns and keeping them awake, which can keep the mother awake as well.\r\n\r\nWhile there is conflicting and inconclusive research as to whether it causes birth defects or can lead to miscarriages, the APA suggests that consuming 150 to 300 mg of caffeine daily has been deemed relatively safe. There is roughly <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-much-caffeine-in-coffee#modal-close\">95 mg of caffeine in a cup of coffee<\/a><\/u>, but that amount can exceed 500 mg, such as with an extra large coffee from Dunkin Donuts (517 mg), so monitoring the exact amount is recommended.\r\n\r\nIt\u2019s also important to realize that there is caffeine in other products as well. This includes chocolate and many over-the-counter headache and migraine medications.\r\n\r\n<strong>Alcohol<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAlcohol use during pregnancy can lead to the unborn child developing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS, Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, or Alcohol-Related Birth Defects.\r\n\r\nThe <u><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.niaaa.nih.gov\/publications\/FASDFactsheet\/FASD.pdf\">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism<\/a><\/u> (NIAAA) says that the risk of these types of conditions increases if the expecting mother engages in binge drinking, which they define as consuming more than three drinks in one episode. This is especially critical during the first trimester. The NIAAA says that the frequency in which a pregnant woman drinks is a factor as well.\r\n\r\nBabies born with FAS often have trouble emotionally, as well as difficulties related to understanding, attention, memory, and communicating. These can affect them academically and, later, create problems associated with holding work. Thus, FAS has both short- and long-term effects.\r\n\r\nFor these reasons, binge drinking is discouraged during pregnancy, but the NIAAA also emphasizes that \u201cthere is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.\u201d Therefore, they recommend that pregnant women abstain from alcohol completely.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nicotine<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe NIDA indicates that roughly 16 percent of all pregnant women have smoked during some portion of their pregnancy. Furthermore, nicotine \u201cin the blood of the fetus can be as much as 15 percent higher than in the mother.\u201d The ACOG adds that the nicotine, which is only one of thousands of harmful chemicals contained in cigarettes, narrows the blood vessels. This allows less oxygen and fewer nutrients to make it to the growing fetus, which can cause permanent damage to the brain and lungs.\r\n\r\nThe <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/tobaccousepregnancy\/index.htm\">CDC<\/a><\/u> adds that smoking also increases the risk of birth defects like cleft lip or cleft palate, premature birth, miscarriage, and low birth weight. It can even contribute to SIDS. Stillbirth risk is also increased by 1.8 to 2.8 times when a woman smokes while pregnant according to the NIDA, and is believed to be a contributing factor to more than 1,000 infant deaths annually.\r\n\r\nEven \u201cpassive exposure\u201d to nicotine can have negative consequences. Secondhand smoke can increase the expectant mother\u2019s risk of having a stillbirth by 2.1 times. It can also result in premature birth or low birth rate, as well as an increased risk of asthma, respiratory issues, ear infections, and cavities for the baby after he or she is born.\r\n\r\nSome expecting mothers move to e-cigarettes in an attempt to be \u201chealthier,\u201d but the NIDA warns that they also contain nicotine, so their effects may be similar. The ACOG agrees, stating that there may also be issues with the propellant and flavoring used in electronic cigarettes. With this in mind, they suggest that it\u2019s best to simply abstain from smoking altogether during pregnancy.\r\n\r\n<strong>Prescription Painkillers<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhat happens if a woman becomes pregnant while taking prescription painkillers like codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine? According to the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/pdf\/pregnancy_opioid_pain_factsheet-a.pdf\">CDC<\/a><\/u>, these opioids increase the risk of the fetus having developmental issues related to the brain or spine. They can also lead to the baby being born with heart defects or their intestines protruding from their abdomen via a hole next to their belly button.\r\n\r\nIn some cases, opiate use during pregnancy can lead to preterm delivery or stillbirth, with NIDA reporting that prescription painkillers can increase this risk by 2.2 times. However, as with street opiates, the CDC does not recommend stopping prescription painkillers suddenly as this may do more harm than good. Instead, it is suggested that you consult with your doctor to determine the best course of action for you and your unborn child.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Impact of Addiction on a Newborn Baby<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen a drug is taken regularly during pregnancy, the baby may become dependent on it, creating a withdrawal effect after birth. This is called neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and is most common if the baby is born addicted to opiates. If NAS exists, this typically requires that the baby be hospitalized in an effort to effectively treat the withdrawal symptoms.\r\n\r\nAccording to the NIDA, these withdrawal symptoms can appear up to 14 days post-birth and often include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Irritability<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Excessive crying<\/li>\r\n \t<li>High-pitched crying<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trouble sleeping<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Increased heart rate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Slow weight gain<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vomiting<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Seizures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLong-term effects of drug use by the mother during pregnancy can also create lasting effects for the baby, such as those that occur as a result of birth defects, premature birth, or low birth weight. In severe cases, it can even lead to SIDS.\r\n\r\n<strong>When the Father Uses or Abuses Drugs or Alcohol<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn some cases, use of drugs or alcohol by the father can potentially impact the fetus as well. The <u><a href=\"https:\/\/mothertobaby.org\/fact-sheets\/paternal-exposures-pregnancy\/pdf\/\">Organization of Teratology Information Specialists<\/a><\/u> (OTIS) says that is called \u201cpaternal exposure.\u201d Also, while OTIS says that use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by the father has no proven consequences for the child in relation to the development of possible birth defects, some health experts believe that it can cause some serious issues.\r\n\r\nFor instance, the ADAI indicates that the use of marijuana by the father during the 12 months prior to the pregnancy can increase the risk of the child developing rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare cancer that develops in the muscle tissue. And if the father uses marijuana during the conception or the pregnancy, or even after the child is born, the ADAI says that the child\u2019s risk of SIDS is said to increase.[:]"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":4,"featured_media":5825,"parent":0,"template":"page-news-details.php","blog_news":[],"class_list":["post-10599","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii - Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii - Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source: www.drugrehab.org Drug use and abuse can happen to anyone. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 out of every 10 people in the United States over the age of 12 have used an illicit drug\u2014defined as a drug that is illegal to consume\u2014at least once within the last year. An [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-08T15:11:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/\",\"name\":\"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii - Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-21T13:13:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-08T15:11:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/new.cidsr.md\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/\",\"name\":\"Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive\",\"description\":\"Promov\u0103m s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i drepturile sexuale \u0219i reproductive!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii - Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii - Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive","og_description":"Source: www.drugrehab.org Drug use and abuse can happen to anyone. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 out of every 10 people in the United States over the age of 12 have used an illicit drug\u2014defined as a drug that is illegal to consume\u2014at least once within the last year. 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Reproductive","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-05-21T13:13:02+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-08T15:11:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/news\/efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/new.cidsr.md\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/","name":"Centrul de Instruire \u00een Domeniul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii Reproductive","description":"Promov\u0103m s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i drepturile sexuale \u0219i reproductive!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"meta":{"_ru_post_content":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-5825 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><em><span class=\"tlid-translation translation\" lang=\"ru\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span class=\"\" title=\"\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/span><\/span><\/em>\r\n<em><span class=\"tlid-translation translation\" lang=\"ru\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"> \u041e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438<span class=\"\" title=\"\"> \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugrehab.org\/substance-abuse-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.drugrehab.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n\u0421 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a. \u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/drug-use-illegal.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a><\/u> \u2013 CDC), \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435 12 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e) \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0415\u0449\u0435 2,4% \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435.\r\n\r\n12,9% \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\r\n\r\n\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/substance-use-in-women\">National Institute on Drug Abuse<\/a><\/u> \u2013 NIDA), 12,9% (\u0438\u043b\u0438 15,8 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432) \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435 18 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 12 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u2013 3,8%, \u0438\u043b\u0438 4,6 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/substance-use-in-women\/substance-use-while-pregnant-breastfeeding\">NIDA<\/a><\/u>, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u00bb.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/newsroom\/digital-media\/infographics\/placenta\">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development<\/a><\/u>) \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434, [\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439] \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b? \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/~\/media\/For%20Patients\/faq170.pdf\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists<\/a><\/u> \u2013 ACOG), \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f 20-\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marchofdimes.org\/pregnancy\/street-drugs-and-pregnancy.aspx\">\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/a><\/u>, \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u0412\u044b\u043a\u0438\u0434\u044b\u0448,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442.\u0435. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e 37-\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u041c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 (\u0421\u0412\u0414\u0421).\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041e\u043f\u0438\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b<\/strong>\r\n\r\nACOG \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u043e\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b (\u0442.\u0435. \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435, ACOG \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.\r\n\r\nACOG \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445, \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c NIDA, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\r\n\r\nNIDA \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445.\r\n\r\n\u0423 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f:\r\n<ul>\r\n 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\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 2,2 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c NIDA.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse Institute \u2013 ADAI) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/adai.uw.edu\/marijuana\/factsheets\/reproduction.htm\">\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435<\/a><\/u>. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c ADAI, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0435. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 ADAI \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, ACOG \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u00bb \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/coffee-drinking-statistics\/\">54% \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/u> \u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/tea-drinking-statistics\/\">2 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a<\/a><\/u> \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0443, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b.\r\n\r\n\u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (<u><a href=\"http:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/pregnancy-health\/caffeine-during-pregnancy\/\">American Pregnancy Association<\/a><\/u> \u2013APA) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c APA, \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438.\r\n\r\n\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b, APA \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 150-300 \u043c\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c. <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/how-much-caffeine-in-coffee#modal-close\">\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 95 \u043c\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/u>, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 500 \u043c\u0433, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0435\u043d Dunkin Donuts (517 \u043c\u0433), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0448\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0430.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0423\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 (\u0424\u0410\u0421), \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u0410\u0421, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.niaaa.nih.gov\/publications\/FASDFactsheet\/FASD.pdf\">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism<\/a><\/u> \u2013 NIAAA) \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442.\u0435., \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e NIAAA, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.\r\n\r\n\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0424\u0410\u0421, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438, \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0424\u0410\u0421 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c NIAAA \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c NIDA, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 16% \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 15% \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u00bb. ACOG \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445.\r\n\r\n<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/tobaccousepregnancy\/index.htm\">CDC<\/a><\/u> \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u0412\u0414\u0421. \u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 1,8-2,8 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e NIDA, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c 1000 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434.\r\n\r\n\u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0432 2,1 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0442\u043c\u044b, \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0443\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e NIDA \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c. ACOG \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0438\u043d, \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d, \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043d? \u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/pdf\/pregnancy_opioid_pain_factsheet-a.pdf\">CDC<\/a><\/u>, \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u044e\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u043f\u043a\u043e\u043c.\r\n\r\n\u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c NIDA \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432 2,2 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, CDC \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044b. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c (\u041d\u0410\u0421), \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0410\u0421, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b.\r\n\r\n\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e NIDA, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 14 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0420\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0430,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0421\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u044b.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0421\u0412\u0414\u0421.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/mothertobaby.org\/fact-sheets\/paternal-exposures-pregnancy\/pdf\/\">Organization of Teratology Information Specialists<\/a><\/u> \u2013 OTIS) \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c\u00bb. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c OTIS \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, ADAI \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 12 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b \u2013 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, ADAI \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0412\u0414\u0421 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.\r\n\r\n&amp;nbsp","_ru_post_excerpt":"","_ru_post_title":"\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c","_ru_post_name":"efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii","_ro_post_content":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5825\" src=\"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pregnancy-lead.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a>Articol tradus \u0219i adaptat.<\/span><\/em>\r\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vezi articolul original aici <\/span><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugrehab.org\/substance-abuse-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">www.drugrehab.org<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\nOricui i se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla s\u0103 utilizeze \u0219i s\u0103 abuzeze de droguri. Potrivit Centrului pentru Controlul \u0219i Prevenirea Bolilor (CDC), 1 din 10 persoane din Statele Unite de peste 12 ani au utilizat un drog ilicit - definit ca un drog ilegal de a fi consumat - cel pu\u021bin o dat\u0103 \u00een ultimul an. Alte 2,4% au luat un medicament psihoterapeutic cu prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 \u00een scopuri non-medicale care fie nu le-au fost prescrise, fie le-au fost prescrise anterior.\r\n\r\n12,9% dintre femei spun c\u0103 au folosit un medicament ilegal \u00een ultimul an\r\n\r\nAceste cifre sunt u\u0219or mai mari pentru femei. Potrivit Institutului Na\u021bional pentru Abuzul de Droguri (NIDA), 12,9% (sau 15,8 milioane) dintre femeile cu v\u00e2rsta de peste 18 ani au utilizat un tip de droguri ilegale \u00een ultimele 12 luni. De asemenea, utilizarea abuziv\u0103 a medicamentelor cu prescrip\u021bie se ridic\u0103 la 3,8%, sau la 4,6 milioane de femei \u00een total.\r\n\r\n\u00cen timp ce utilizarea ilegal\u0103 sau necorespunz\u0103toare a medicamentelor poate fi d\u0103un\u0103toare s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii mentale \u0219i fizice a fiec\u0103rei femei, acest comportament poate avea \u0219i mai multe consecin\u021be dac\u0103 este implicat un copil nen\u0103scut.\r\n\r\n<strong>Sarcina \u0219i consumul de droguri sau abuzul<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNIDA arat\u0103 c\u0103 medicamentele administrate \u00een timpul sarcinii afecteaz\u0103 mama \u0219i f\u0103tul \u00een cre\u0219tere, deoarece aceste substan\u021be \u201etrec u\u0219or prin placent\u0103\u201d.\r\n\r\nInstitutul Na\u021bional pentru S\u0103n\u0103tatea Copilului \u0219i Dezvoltarea Uman\u0103 explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 placenta este \u201eun organ temporar care leag\u0103 mama \u0219i f\u0103tul [care] aduce substan\u021be nutritive \u0219i oxigen fetusului \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 de\u0219eurile \u0219i materialele d\u0103un\u0103toare\u201d. Aceasta \u00eendepline\u0219te acelea\u0219i sarcini ca multe organe interne care nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 pe deplin formate - cum ar fi pl\u0103m\u00e2nii, ficatul \u0219i rinichii - \u0219i dac\u0103 problemele iau amploare, pot crea afec\u021biuni pe tot parcursul vie\u021bii pentru mam\u0103 \u0219i copil.\r\n\r\nCare sunt unele dintre aceste poten\u021biale probleme? R\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de medicamentul sau tipul de medicament consumat.\r\n\r\n<strong>Droguri ilegale<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPotrivit Colegiului American de Obstetricieni si Ginecologi (ACOG), 1 din 20 de femei gravide folose\u0219te un tip de droguri ilegale, numit \u0219i drogul de strad\u0103. Acest lucru poate duce la o serie de probleme care uneori includ:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Avort<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Travaliu prematur, este un travaliu care apare \u00eenainte de a 37-a s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 de sarcin\u0103 sau de na\u0219tere prematur\u0103<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Na\u0219terea unui copil mort<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00cen plus, dac\u0103 un copil este n\u0103scut de o mam\u0103 care a folosit droguri ilegale \u00een timpul sarcinii, exist\u0103 un risc crescut de greutate mic\u0103 la na\u0219tere, dimensiune mic\u0103 a capului, malforma\u021bii cardiace \u0219i alte vicii congenitale. Apoi, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce copilul \u00eencepe s\u0103 creasc\u0103, exist\u0103, de asemenea, un risc major de dezvoltare \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103, probleme de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i de comportament \u0219i chiar de sindromul mor\u021bii infantile subite (SIDS).\r\n\r\n<strong>Opioidele<\/strong>\r\n\r\nACOG explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 utilizarea opioidelor de nivelul str\u0103zii, cum ar fi heroina, pun o femeie \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 \u00een pericol de a dezvolta mai multe complica\u021bii diferite, dintre care unele includ desprinderea placentar\u0103 (adic\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd placenta se separ\u0103 prematur de peretele uterului), na\u0219terea prematur\u0103 \u0219i na\u0219terea unui copil mort. De asemenea, poate afecta dezvoltarea normal\u0103 a f\u0103tului.\r\n\r\nDe\u0219i utilizarea opioid\u0103 nu este preferabil\u0103 pentru femeile gravide, ACOG subliniaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o dependen\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de acest tip de drog, ele \u201enu ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eenceteze brusc utilizarea drogului f\u0103r\u0103 supraveghere medical\u0103\u201d. Motiva\u021bia lor este c\u0103 simptomele de sevraj duc adesea la recidiv\u0103, care pun \u00een pericol at\u00e2t mama, c\u00e2t \u0219i copilul nen\u0103scut.\r\n\r\nACOG men\u021bioneaz\u0103 suplimentar c\u0103 exist\u0103, de asemenea, medicamente care pot ajuta la stoparea utiliz\u0103rii de opiacee, cum ar fi metadona sau buprenorfina, nici una dintre care nu a fost legat\u0103 de malforma\u021bii congenitale. \u00cen unele cazuri, bebelu\u0219ul poate trece prin sevraj dac\u0103 mama a luat oricare dintre aceste medicamente, dar exist\u0103, de asemenea, lucruri care pot fi f\u0103cute pentru a u\u0219ura aceste efecte, cum ar fi \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urarea copilului, oferirea unui contact piele la piele \u0219i luarea unor medicamente.\r\n\r\n<strong>Stimulentele<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDrogurile care se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 categorie includ cocaina \u0219i metamfetamina. NIDA indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 efectele acestor tipuri de medicamente asupra unui f\u0103t \u00een cre\u0219tere sunt \u00eentr-un fel neclare, \u00een mare parte deoarece femeile gravide care le iau folosesc adesea \u0219i alte medicamente.\r\n\r\nNIDA explic\u0103 \u00een continuare c\u0103, \u00een unele cazuri, femeile care iau stimulente nu se \u00eengrijesc corespunz\u0103tor \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te nutri\u021bia \u0219i \u00eengrijirea lor prenatal\u0103. Drept urmare, este dificil s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 dac\u0103 un copil n\u0103scut cu probleme se lupt\u0103 din cauza folosirii de stimulente de c\u0103tre mam\u0103 sau dac\u0103 problemele sunt legate de unul dintre ace\u0219ti al\u021bi factori la fel de importan\u021bi.\r\n\r\nPentru mama \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 \u00een mod special, poten\u021bialele consecin\u021be ale utiliz\u0103rii acestei categorii de medicamente includ:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Migrene<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Convulsii<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103 sau preeclampsie<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ruptura de membran\u0103 prematur\u0103<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Separarea placentei de uter<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Avort spontan<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Travaliu prematur<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Na\u0219tere dificil\u0103<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nBebelu\u0219ii n\u0103scu\u021bi de mame care au consumat cocain\u0103 \u00een timpul sarcinii pot, de asemenea, s\u0103 se nasc\u0103 cu o greutate la na\u0219tere mai mic\u0103 sau s\u0103 aib\u0103 o lungime mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea normal\u0103. Ace\u0219tia pot fi iritabili \u0219i hiperactivi \u0219i pot prezenta frisoane, au un pl\u00e2ns strident \u0219i pot suge excesiv. Aceste simptome se pot datora sevrajului sau pot ap\u0103rea din cauza faptului c\u0103 cocaina se afl\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een sistemul copilului, unde poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219apte zile dup\u0103 na\u0219tere.\r\n\r\nCercet\u0103rile au descoperit c\u0103 copiii n\u0103scu\u021bi de femeile gravide care utilizeaz\u0103 stimulentul metamfetamin\u0103 - aproximativ 6,7% din to\u021bi oamenii care doresc tratament pentru acest medicament - deseori ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 excesiv sau sunt hiperactivi \u00een natur\u0103. De asemenea, de multe ori sunt mai deprima\u021bi, anxio\u0219i \u0219i se lupt\u0103 pe un nivel cognitiv.\r\n\r\n<strong>Marijuana<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMarijuana este legal\u0103 \u00een unele state din punct de vedere medical \u0219i\/sau recrea\u021bional, dar este inclus\u0103 \u00een lista drogurilor stradale, deoarece este ilegal\u0103 de consumat \u00een multe zone.\r\n\r\nUnele mame \u00eens\u0103rcinate consum\u0103 marijuana sau canabis pentru a le ajuta s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 gre\u021burile pe care le resimt din cauza toxicozei de diminea\u021b\u0103 legate de sarcin\u0103. Cu toate acestea, consumul de marijuana \u00een timpul sarcinii poate avea adesea efecte nedorite, cum ar fi cre\u0219terea riscului de a da na\u0219tere unui copil mort de 2,2 ori, potrivit NIDA.\r\n\r\nExist\u0103 studii care au legat marijuana de o varietate de probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate suportate de un copil dup\u0103 na\u0219tere. De exemplu, Institutul pentru Abuzul de Alcool \u0219i Droguri (ADAI) de la Universitatea din Washington relev\u0103 faptul c\u0103, \u00een timp ce cercet\u0103rile nu sunt clare cu privire la toate efectele pe care marijuana le are asupra f\u0103tului, unele studii au descoperit c\u0103 copiii expu\u0219i la acest drog intrauterin se pot na\u0219te cu o gaura \u00een inim\u0103. De asemenea, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc, pot dezvolta dificult\u0103\u021bi cognitive legate de memorie \u0219i ra\u021bionament, durata aten\u021biei, impulsivitatea \u0219i hiperactivitatea.\r\n\r\nUneori, aceste efecte negative continu\u0103 \u00een anii adolescen\u021bei, men\u021bioneaz\u0103 ADAI, unde pot fi amplificate de depresie, anxietate \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi academice. Folosirea marijuanei \u00een timpul sarcinii \u00eenseamn\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 adolescentul poate avea un risc mai mare de utilizare a marijuanei.\r\n\r\nADAI adaug\u0103 c\u0103, uneori, marijuana utilizat\u0103 \u00een timpul sarcinii poate duce la probleme fizice pentru copil, cum ar fi dezvoltarea tipurilor de cancer din copil\u0103rie. Din aceste motive, ACOG recomand\u0103 ca marijuana s\u0103 nu fie consumat\u0103 deloc \u00een timpul sarcinii, chiar dac\u0103 este prescris\u0103 \u00een alte scopuri. \u00cen schimb, ar trebui explorate remedii alternative pentru a trata starea de origine f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta eventual f\u0103tul.\r\n\r\n<strong>Acceptabile din punct de vedere social, prescrip\u021bii \u0219i alte droguri \u201elegale\u201d<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00cen timp ce consumul de droguri ilegale poate avea un efect negativ at\u00e2t asupra femeii \u00eens\u0103rcinate, c\u00e2t \u0219i asupra copilului ei nen\u0103scut, exist\u0103 \u0219i droguri \u201elegale\u201d care \u00eei pot influen\u021ba pe ambii. Multe dintre acestea sunt acceptabile din punct de vedere social sau chiar prescrise, dar nu pot fi cele mai bune pentru o mam\u0103 \u0219i pentru un f\u0103t \u00een cre\u0219tere.\r\n\r\n<strong>Cofeina<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAproximativ 54% dintre americani beau cafea zilnic. La nivel mondial, circa 2 miliarde de oameni consum\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o cea\u0219c\u0103 de ceai \u00een fiecare zi. Prin urmare, nu este nerealist s\u0103 credem c\u0103 femeile care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eens\u0103rcinate vor dori s\u0103 continue acest obicei, de\u0219i unii exper\u021bi \u00een domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 dezavantajele pot dep\u0103\u0219i avantajele.\r\n\r\nAsocia\u021bia American\u0103 pentru sarcin\u0103 (APA) este un astfel de expert \u0219i subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 cofeina poate cre\u0219te tensiunea arterial\u0103 \u0219i ritmul cardiac, niciuna dintre acestea nu este bun\u0103 pentru o femeie \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103. Este, de asemenea, un diuretic, care poate duce la deshidratare. Potrivit APA, cofeina poate, de asemenea, s\u0103 d\u0103uneze f\u0103tului prin \u00eentreruperea ritmului normal de mi\u0219care \u0219i prin men\u021binerea lui treaz\u0103, ceea ce o poate \u021bine treaz\u0103 \u0219i pe mam\u0103. .\r\n\r\nDe\u0219i exist\u0103 o cercetare contradictorie \u0219i neconcludent\u0103 cu privire la faptul dac\u0103 provoac\u0103 malforma\u021bii congenitale sau poate duce la avorturi, APA sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 consumarea zilnic\u0103 de la 150 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 300 mg de cofein\u0103 a fost considerat\u0103 relativ sigur\u0103. Exist\u0103 aproximativ 95 mg de cafein\u0103 \u00eentr-o cea\u0219c\u0103 de cafea, dar aceast\u0103 cantitate poate dep\u0103\u0219i 500 mg, cum ar fi o cea\u0219c\u0103 de cafea foarte mare de la Dunkin Donuts (517 mg), astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t se recomand\u0103 monitorizarea cantit\u0103\u021bii exacte.\r\n\r\nDe asemenea, este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi c\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i cofein\u0103 \u00een alte produse. Acestea includ ciocolata \u0219i numeroase medicamente \u00eempotriva cefaleei \u0219i migrenei.\r\n\r\n<strong>Alcoolul<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUtilizarea alcoolului \u00een timpul sarcinii poate determina copilul nen\u0103scut s\u0103 dezvolte sindromul de alcool fetal (FAS), FAS par\u021bial, tulburarea neurodezvolt\u0103rii legate de alcool sau deficien\u021be de na\u0219tere legate de alcool.\r\n\r\nInstitutul Na\u021bional pentru Abuz de Alcool \u0219i Alcoolism (NIAAA) spune c\u0103 riscul acestor tipuri de afec\u021biuni cre\u0219te \u00een cazul \u00een care mama \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 se angajeaz\u0103 \u00een consumul de alcool, pe care o definesc drept consumarea a mai mult de trei b\u0103uturi \u00eentr-un singur episod. Acest lucru este deosebit de critic \u00een primul trimestru. NIAAA spune c\u0103 frecven\u021ba cu care o femeie \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 bea este la fel un factor.\r\n\r\nBebelu\u0219ii n\u0103scu\u021bi cu FAS au adesea probleme emo\u021bionale, precum \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi legate de \u00een\u021belegere, aten\u021bie, memorie \u0219i comunicare. Acestea le pot afecta reu\u0219ita academic\u0103 \u0219i, ulterior, pot crea probleme legate de realizarea lucrului. Astfel, FAS are at\u00e2t efecte pe termen scurt, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe termen lung.\r\n\r\nDin aceste motive, consumul de alcool este descurajat \u00een timpul sarcinii, dar NIAAA subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 \u201enu exist\u0103 un nivel sigur al consumului de alcool \u00een timpul sarcinii\u201d. Prin urmare, speciali\u0219tii recomand\u0103 femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate s\u0103 se ab\u021bin\u0103 complet de alcool.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nicotina<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNIDA indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 aproximativ 16% dintre toate femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate au fumat \u00een timpul unei perioade din sarcin\u0103. \u00cen plus, nicotina \u201edin s\u00e2ngele f\u0103tului poate fi cu 15% mai mare dec\u00e2t la mam\u0103\u201d. ACOG adaug\u0103 c\u0103 nicotina care este doar una dintre miile de substan\u021be chimice nocive con\u021binute \u00een \u021big\u0103ri, \u00eengusteaz\u0103 vasele de s\u00e2nge. Acest lucru permite ajungerea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mici de oxigen \u0219i a mai pu\u021bini nutrien\u021bi la f\u0103tul \u00een cre\u0219tere, ceea ce poate provoca leziuni permanente creierului \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor.\r\n\r\nCDC adaug\u0103 faptul c\u0103 fumatul cre\u0219te \u0219i riscul apari\u021biei unor malforma\u021bii congenitale, cum ar fi buza despicat\u0103 sau bolta palatin\u0103 despicat\u0103, na\u0219tere prematur\u0103, avort spontan \u0219i greutate mic\u0103 la na\u0219tere. Poate chiar duce la SIDS. Riscul de na\u0219tere a unui f\u0103t mort, de asemenea, a crescut de la 1,8 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2,8 ori atunci c\u00e2nd o femeie fumeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul sarcinii \u00een conformitate cu NIDA \u0219i se crede c\u0103 este un factor care contribuie la mai mult de 1.000 de decese infantile anual.\r\n\r\nChiar \u0219i \u201eexpunerea pasiv\u0103\u201d la nicotin\u0103 poate avea consecin\u021be negative. Fumul secundar poate cre\u0219te riscul mamei \u00eens\u0103rcinate de a na\u0219te un copil mort de 2,1 ori. De asemenea, poate avea ca rezultat na\u0219terea prematur\u0103 sau rata sc\u0103zut\u0103 a natalit\u0103\u021bii, precum \u0219i un risc crescut de astm, probleme respiratorii, infec\u021bii ale urechii \u0219i carii dentare la copil dup\u0103 na\u0219terea sa.\r\n\r\nUnii se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca mamele s\u0103 treac\u0103 la e-\u021bigarete \u00een \u00eencercarea de a fi \u201emai s\u0103n\u0103toase\u201d, dar NIDA avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 acestea, de asemenea, con\u021bin nicotin\u0103, deci efectele lor pot fi similare. ACOG este de acord, afirm\u00e2nd c\u0103 pot ap\u0103rea \u0219i probleme cu propulsorul \u0219i aromatizan\u021bii utiliza\u021bi \u00een \u021big\u0103rile electronice. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere acest lucru, ei sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 este mai bine s\u0103 v\u0103 ab\u021bine\u021bi de la fumat \u00een timpul sarcinii.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medicamente analgezice<\/strong>\r\n\r\nCe se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 o femeie r\u0103m\u00e2ne gravid\u0103 \u00een timp ce administreaz\u0103 analgezice cum ar fi codein\u0103, oxicodon\u0103, hidrocodon\u0103 \u0219i morfin\u0103? Potrivit CDC, aceste opioide cresc riscul ca f\u0103tul s\u0103 aib\u0103 probleme de dezvoltare legate de creier sau de coloana vertebral\u0103. Ele pot duce, de asemenea, la na\u0219terea copilului cu malforma\u021bii cardiace sau cu intestinele ie\u0219ind din abdomen printr-o gaur\u0103 de l\u00e2ng\u0103 buric.\r\n\r\n\u00cen unele cazuri, consumul de opiacee \u00een timpul sarcinii poate duce la na\u0219terea prematur\u0103 sau la na\u0219terea unui copil mort, NIDA raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103 analgezicele de prescrip\u021bie pot cre\u0219te acest risc de 2,2 ori. Cu toate acestea, ca \u0219i \u00een cazul opioidelor de pe strad\u0103, CDC nu recomand\u0103 brusc oprirea analgezicelor de prescrip\u021bie, deoarece acest lucru poate face mai mult r\u0103u dec\u00e2t bine. \u00cen schimb, se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 consulta\u021bi medicul pentru a determina cel mai bun mod de ac\u021biune pentru dvs. \u0219i copilul vostru nen\u0103scut.\r\n\r\n<strong>Impactul dependen\u021bei asupra unui nou-n\u0103scut<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAtunci c\u00e2nd un medicament este luat regulat \u00een timpul sarcinii, copilul poate deveni dependent de el, cre\u00e2nd un efect de sevraj dup\u0103 na\u0219tere. Acesta este numit sindromul de abstinen\u021b\u0103 neonatal\u0103 (NAS) \u0219i este cel mai frecvent dac\u0103 bebelu\u0219ul este n\u0103scut dependent de opiacee. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 NAS, acest lucru necesit\u0103 de obicei ca bebelu\u0219ul s\u0103 fie spitalizat cu efortul de a trata \u00een mod eficient simptomele de sevraj.\r\n\r\nPotrivit NIDA, aceste simptome de sevraj pot ap\u0103rea p\u00e2n\u0103 la 14 zile dup\u0103 na\u0219tere \u0219i adesea includ:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>iritabilitate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>pl\u00e2ns excesiv<\/li>\r\n \t<li>pl\u00e2ns strident<\/li>\r\n \t<li>probleme cu somnul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>cre\u0219terea ritmului cardiac<\/li>\r\n \t<li>diaree \u0219i alte probleme gastro-intestinale<\/li>\r\n \t<li>cre\u0219terea lent\u0103 a greut\u0103\u021bii<\/li>\r\n \t<li>st\u0103ri de vom\u0103<\/li>\r\n \t<li>convulsii<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEfectele pe termen lung ale consumului de droguri de c\u0103tre mam\u0103 \u00een timpul sarcinii pot, de asemenea, s\u0103 creeze efecte de durat\u0103 pentru copil, cum ar fi cele care apar ca urmare a malforma\u021biilor congenitale, a na\u0219terii premature sau a greut\u0103\u021bii sc\u0103zute la na\u0219tere. \u00cen cazuri grave, poate duce chiar la SIDS.\r\n\r\n<strong>C\u00e2nd tat\u0103l folose\u0219te sau abuzeaz\u0103 de droguri sau de alcool<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00cen unele cazuri, utilizarea de droguri sau alcool de c\u0103tre tat\u0103 poate avea un impact poten\u021bial asupra f\u0103tului. Organiza\u021bia de speciali\u0219ti \u00een domeniul informa\u021biilor de teratologie (OTIS) spune c\u0103 se nume\u0219te \u201eexpunere patern\u0103\u201d. De asemenea, \u00een timp ce OTIS afirm\u0103 c\u0103 utilizarea alcoolului, a tutunului \u0219i a altor droguri de c\u0103tre tat\u0103 nu are consecin\u021be dovedite asupra copilului \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu dezvoltarea unor posibile malforma\u021bii congenitale, unii exper\u021bi \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tate consider\u0103 c\u0103 pot provoca probleme serioase.\r\n\r\nDe exemplu, ADAI indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 utilizarea de marijuana de c\u0103tre tat\u0103 \u00een timpul celor 12 luni anterioare sarcinii poate cre\u0219te riscul dezvolt\u0103rii de c\u0103tre copil a rabdomiosarcomului, un cancer rar care se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een \u021besutul muscular. \u0218i dac\u0103 tat\u0103l folose\u0219te marijuana \u00een timpul concep\u021biei sau al sarcinii sau chiar dup\u0103 na\u0219terea copilului, ADAI spune c\u0103 riscul copilului de SIDS spore\u0219te.","_ro_post_excerpt":"","_ro_post_title":"Efectul abuzului de droguri asupra sarcinii","_ro_post_name":"efectul-abuzului-de-droguri-asupra-sarcinii","edit_language":"en"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/10599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_news","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidsr.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_news?post=10599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}